Portrayal of Schizophrenia in Clean, Shaven

word-painting of Schizophrenia in Clean, S turn innElizabeth DavisAbstractMedia portrayals of kind disorders often run the only contact hotshot may have on the topic.Beca habituate of this, filmmakers have a duty to accurately portray the disorders. Clean, groom provides first-hand look into the terrorisation symptoms of schizophrenic disorder in an attempt to humanize the disorder and admonishes hunting lodge for misguided presuppositions based upon those suffering from mental disorders (Lim, 2006 Owen, 2012).Portrayal of Schizophrenia in Clean, groomIn Clean, Shaven, Lodge Kerrigan attempts to place the viewer in the mind of putz winter, a schizophrenic recently released from a mental institution, through the use of strange camera angles and a bizarre, glaring soundtrack (Byrne Kerrigan, 1993). The film seeks to humanize the periodic struggles of life dealing with the symptoms of schizophrenia, such as audile and visual h every(prenominal)ucinations. ace of winters auditory hallucinations fits especially well with this theme For you its paranoia. For me its a reality (Byrne Kerrigan, 1993). In addition, the film comments on societys discrimination against mental illness by allowing the viewer to incorrectly assume spend murders a young girl (Byrne Kerrigan, 1993).Symptoms and Diagnosis fit to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia, one must register at least dickens of the five active symptoms delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms (Oltmanns Emery, 2015). Additionally, at least one of the symptoms must be one of the first three (delusions, hallucinations, and/or disorganized speech) and must occur for at least one month (Oltmanns Emery, 2015). Clean, Shaven only provides a plan glimpse into nib spends life, however during this time, he does exhibit both delusions and hallucinations, as well as catatonic behavior and bug out or keeping(p) affect (Byr ne Kerrigan, 1993). Winter suffers from delusions that during his inductment to a mental institution he underwent a surgery to implant a radio transmitter in his finger and a receiver in his head (Byrne Kerrigan, 1993). In ii separate scenes, Winter attempts to remove both the transmitter and the receiver, speaking to the application of the delusions (Byrne Kerrigan, 1993). Additionally, Winter suffers from both visual and auditory hallucinations, the latter of which he believes rear from the transmitter in his finger (Byrne Kerrigan, 1993). According to Oltmanns and Emery (2015), catatonic behavior may be expressed through excited and over-activity, such as tempo or repetitious movements. Repetitious movements appear at several quantify throughout the film, especially in times Winter is exceptionally stressed, such as in a scene in which he repeatedly bangs a card catalogue in a library (Byrne Kerrigan, 1993). Winter also exhibits inappropriate affect. Upon reuniting wit h his daughter who was placed for adoption when Winter was committed, Winter expresses increasing agitation instead of happiness (Byrne Kerrigan, 1993).The DSM-5 enumerates additional criteria for diagnosis. The B- take criterion addresses the level of dysfunction in major aras of life, such as self-c ar, work, and interpersonal relationships (Oltmanns Emery, 2015). Because Winter has spent an unknown quantity of time in a mental institution and is ripe being released in the beginning of the film, his job exploit cannot be analyzed, however, the viewer will note a steady rule out in personal grooming throughout the film (Byrne Kerrigan, 1993). In the beginning, Winter exhibits fastidious grooming habits, keeping his clothes meticulous and his hair neatly trimmed (Byrne Kerrigan, 1993). During a shower scene, Winter is seen scrubbing down with firebrand wool, suggesting a compulsive aspect to his hygiene habits (Byrne Kerrigan, 1993). Towards the end of the film, Winter be comes markedly disheveled (Byrne Kerrigan, 1993). An interaction with his mother reveals strained interpersonal relations (Byrne Kerrigan, 1993). The be diagnostic criteria were not addressed in the film due to the modified dialogue and the time constraints of the film. However, judging by the age of Winters daughter and comments on the onset of the symptoms made by his mother, it can be inferred that his symptoms have persisted for a time period exceeding the necessary 6 months. The quality and duration of symptoms along with the level of dysfunction confirm the diagnosis claim of schizophrenia.Causes of SchizophreniaAccording to Oltmanns and Emery (2015), the interaction of both biological and environmental factors combine to cause schizophrenia. A wealth of data supports a physiologic and genetic component to schizophrenia, based upon brain scans showing structural abnormalities and order of neurotransmitter dysfunction (Oltmanns Emery, 2015). However, this evidence only s upports a predisposition to the disorder that may remain dormant until an environmental factor triggers the expression (Oltmanns Emery, 2015). Oltmanns and Emery (2015) state environmental triggers include complications during pregnancy or birth, maternal malnutrition, certain viral infections.A correlation between schizophrenia and various social factors has also been found. For example, the highest slow-wittedness of schizophrenia occurs amongst those with the lowest socioeconomic statuses (Oltmanns Emery, 2015). According to Oltmanns and Emery (2015), two theories exist to formulate this phenomenon social causation, in which the status causes the disorder, and social selection, in which the disorder forces the status. Additionally, higher(prenominal) rates of schizophrenia occur in those who immigrate from another country, by chance causing social adversity that triggers the disorder (Oltmanns Emery, 2015).It is unclear what combination of factors caused Peter Winters disor der. His mother mentions that as a child he had a strong attachment to a neighbors get over and became despondent and uninterested in enjoyable activities when the dog passed away (Byrne Kerrigan, 1993). Additionally, she mentions that he dropped out of college after only a few months, lost 20 pounds, and cut contact with the family, which is within the typical age of onset (15-35 days of age) for schizophrenia (Byrne Kerrigan, 1993). Judging from setting elements in the film, such as the angle industry and farm houses, Winter lived in a predominantly work class town, which supports the social causation hypothesis (Byrne Kerrigan, 1993).Media Messages on Schizophrenia and psychic HealthFilmmakers, when representing a mental disorder, have a moral indebtedness to accurately portray that mental disorder. According to Owen (2012), m either cinematic depictions are based upon misinformation. In her analysis of 42 film characters, Owen (2012) found all depictions of schizophreni cs carried some form of incorrect information. For example, 79 portion of these characters were male, a such(prenominal) higher rate than in actual occurrence (Owen, 2012). Additionally, 95 percent were Caucasian, whereas schizophrenia occurs at a much higher rate with African-Americans (Owen, 2012). Byrne and Kerrigan (1993) are guilty of dissemination both of those inaccurate depictions in Clean, Shaven. Owen (2012) found that slice Clean, Shaven did rely on some inaccuracies, they were inconsequential and did not cut back from an overall accurate and compelling portrayal of schizophrenia and praised the film for providing a realistic and sympathetic representation of the day-to-day struggles to cope with symptoms.Of additional note, Kerrigan allows the interview to formulate presuppositions about Peter Winters guilt. In the first step scene, Winter sits in his car as a girl bounces a soccer ball against the windshield. Startled by the sound and frightened by the glare she gi ves him, Peter steps out of the car and walks off out of camera range. Next the viewer hears loud bangs and a girl screaming, wherefore Winter gets back in the car with a large concomitant wrapped in orange tensile bags. In a later(prenominal) scene, Detective Jack McNally is called on a case of the murder of a girl who looks similar to the girl with the soccer ball. Throughout the movie, McNally, and the audience as well, believes Winter murdered the girl, however he is unable to find any conclusive evidence. In a final scene, McNally rips open the orange plastic to find nothing but newspapers. This interplay comments on societys treacherously notions that the mentally ill are much more likely to commit violent acts (Oltmanns Emery, 2015 Owen, 2012). The viewer is left questioning whether the sounds of violence from the beginning were just another of Winters auditory hallucinations.In conclusion, Clean, Shaven provides a unique, sympathetic view into the life of someone suffe ring with schizophrenia. Byrne and Kerrigan (1993) portray auditory and visual hallucinations realistically and in a way that the viewer experiences them as if his own, providing more understanding for the development of the delusions.ReferencesByrne, J. D. (Producer), Kerrigan, L. (Director). (1993).Clean, ShavenMotion picture.United States of America DSM III Films.Lim, D. (2006). Clean, Shaven Inside man. The Criterion Collection. Retrieved fromhttp//www.criterion.com/current/posts/453-clean-shaven-inside-manOltmanns, T. F. Emery, R. E. (2015). Abnormal psychology (8th Ed.). Boston Pearson.Owen, P. R. (2012). Portrayals of schizophrenia by entertainment media A content analysis ofcontemporary movies. psychiatric Services, 63(7), 655-659.doi 10.1176/appi.ps.201100371